St. Athanasius
St. Athanasius, also known as Athanasius the Great
and Athanasius the Confessor, was a bishop and
doctor of the church. He is called the "Father of Orthodoxy," the "Pillar of the Church" and "Champion of
Christ's Divinity." Athanasius became one of the most
dedicated opponents of the heresy of Arianism. Much
of his life was a testimony to the divinity of Jesus
Christ. Born in either 296 or 298 in Alexandria, Egypt
to a prominent Christian family, Athanasius received a
wonderful education in Christian doctrine, Greek literature, philosophy, rhetoric and jurisprudence.
Athanasius became Alexander's secretary in
318 after being ordained a deacon. Around this time,
Athanasius wrote his first work, a theological treatise
on the Incarnation which is still quoted extensively in
Christian theological studies and spiritual literature.
Around 323, Arius, an ambitious priest of the Alexandrian Church, denied the Divinity of Christ, and began
spreading word that Jesus Christ was not truly divine,
but merely created in time by the Eternal Father. Alexander demanded Arius produce a written statement
on the false doctrine. It was condemned as heresy
after two dissenting Bishops came forward. Arius and
11 other priests and deacons were deposed, or removed from their office, for teaching false doctrine.
Arius left for Caesarea, but continued to teach
his false doctrine and enlisted support from the Bishop of Nicomedia, Eusebius and other Syrian prelates.
Athanasius, as Alexander's secretary, was present
during the great Church debate. He may have even
composed the letter that announced Arius' condemnation. Athanasius stood alongside Alexander during
the famous Council of Nicaea to determine the matters of dogma. It was during this meeting, summoned
by Emperor Constantine, that Arius' sentencing was
officially confirmed and the Nicene Creed was adopted as the Creed of the Church and a worthy symbol
of the orthodox Christian faith.
In 335, Emperor Constantine commanded
Athanasius to go to the Council of Tyre, Lebanon.
The council was full of Athanasius' opponents and
was led by an Arian. Athanasius realized his condemnation was already pre-decided. Athanasius was exiled for the first time to Trier, Germany. While there,
he kept in touch with his flock by letter. Athanasius'
exile lasted for two and a half years. He returned to
Alexandria in 338 to find both Emperor Constantine
and Arius had died. After he returned to Alexandria,
his enemies continued to try to bring him to exile.
They accused him of raising sedition, of promoting
bloodshed, and detaining his own use of corn.
Over the course of his life, Athanasius was
banished five times and spent 17 years of his life in
exile for the defense of the doctrine of Christ's divinity. However, the last years of his life were peaceful
and he died on May 2, 373 in Alexandria. His body was transferred, first to Constantinople, then to
Venice. St. Athanasius is often shown as a bishop arguing with a pagan, a bishop holding an
open book or a bishop standing over a defeated
heretic. He is a patron saint of theologians, and
faithful Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christians
and hailed to this day as a great Defender of the
Faith. His feast day is celebrated on May 2.